Introduction

• Makeup as a mirror of society.
• Fashion + beauty as intertwined forces.
• Why studying beauty history matters today.

Ancient Civilizations: Power, Ritual, and Identity

Egypt – Kohl, Malachite, and Royal Glamour

• Symbolism of eyeliner & pigments.
• Fashion link: gold, linen, and ornate jewelry.

Greece & Rome – Purity and Luxury

• Pale skin, rouge, oils for glow.
• Fashion: draped elegance and status symbols.

Asia & Middle East – Tradition and Continuity

• India: kajal, sindoor, turmeric masks.
• China: rice powders, silk clothing.
• Middle East: kohl + modesty-femininity balance.

Medieval & Renaissance Eras: Religion and Refinement

• Medieval: Makeup linked to vanity & sin.
• Renaissance: Bold pigments, powdered skin, elaborate hair.
• Fashion parallels: lace, velvet, dramatic silhouettes.

Baroque to Enlightenment: Extravagance & Excess

• Wigs, white powder, rouge, beauty patches.
• French aristocracy’s theatrical makeup.
• Fashion excess → makeup excess.

19th Century: Victorian Modesty

• Makeup = taboo for “respectable” women.
• Natural blush, rosebud lips subtlety.
• Fashion: corsets, modest gowns reinforcing beauty ideals.

20th Century: Modernization of Beauty

1920s – Flappers & Rebellion

• Smoky eyes, bold lips.
• Fashion: bob cuts, shorter dresses.

1950s – Feminine Glamour

• Red lips, winged liner.
• Hollywood & Dior’s “New Look.”

1960s – Youthquake

• Twiggy lashes, pastel eyes.
• Fashion: miniskirts, mod culture.

1980s – Bold & Powerful

• Bright blush, neon eyes.
• Fashion: power suits, MTV icons.

1990s – Minimalism & Grunge

• Matte skin, thin brows.
• Fashion: slip dresses, grunge aesthetics.

21st Century: Digital Beauty Standards

2000s – Celebrity Influence

• Glossy lips, frosted shadows.
• Paris Hilton, Y2K fashion.

2010s – Instagram Glam

• Contouring, highlighters, influencer-driven trends.
• Fashion: luxury streetwear, fast fashion.

2020s – TikTok & Inclusivity

• “Clean girl” aesthetic, bold gems, gender-neutral looks.
• Fashion synergy with sustainability & diversity.

Global Perspectives: Beyond the West

• Indian bridal looks.
• Japanese Geisha makeup.
• African tribal painting.
• Middle Eastern kohl traditions.

Conclusion

• Fashion and makeup = twin forces shaping ideals.
• The cycle of history: trends return, reinvented.
• The future: inclusivity, tech-driven beauty, personal expression.

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